THERMAL EFFECTS OF VARIOUS CHEMICAL REACTIONS OBSERVATION SYSTEM

Abstract

Chemical bond formation and breakage cause energy to be released or absorbed during chemical processes. Understanding the energy changes that take place during chemical reactions requires research on the thermal consequences of chemical processes. The heat effects of numerous chemical processes are measured and examined in this research work using an observation system. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), which detects the heat emitted or absorbed during a chemical process, is the observation system. A sample holder that can contain tiny amounts of sample is included with the DSC (typically a few milligrams). A furnace with a temperature control system run by a computer is used to house the sample holder. When a sample and a reference material are heated or cooled, the temperature differential between them is measured by the DSC. The heat emitted or absorbed by the sample during a chemical reaction may be calculated by measuring and recording the heat flow necessary to maintain this temperature difference. The temperature effects of many chemical reactions, such as the burning of ethanol, the interaction between sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, and the breakdown of calcium carbonate, were measured using the observation system. The findings demonstrate that the DSC may be used to precisely quantify the heat produced or absorbed during these events. The enthalpy change (H) for each reaction was calculated using the DSC measurements that were acquired.